KINGSBROOK CONFERENCE ON NUTRITIONAL AND METABOLIC
ASPECTSOF LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIETS

JUNE 18-19, 2004 • BROOKLYN MARRIOTT HOTEL
SPEAKER INFORMATION
Khosrow Adeli is Professor and Head of the Department of Clinical Biochemistry at the Hospital for Sick Children, and the University of Toronto in Toronto, Canada. Dr. Adeli is actively involved in research on carbohydrate-induced insulin resistance and the development of metabolic dyslipidemia. His laboratory employs animal models of insulin resistance to investigate the molecular mechanisms mediating the diabetogenic effect of fructose-rich diets, mechanisms of fructose-induced hepatic insulin resistance and pathways leading to hepatic and intestinal lipogenesis and lipoprotein dysregulation.
Abstract



Taghibiglou C., Chen B., Van Iderstine S., Lewis G., Fantus G., and Adeli K. (2002) Mechanisms of Hepatic Insulin Resistance in a Fructose-Fed Hamster Model: Evidence that downregulation of insulin signaling pathway is accompanied by overexpression of PTP-1B. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 793-803.



Haidari M, Leung N, Mahbub F, Uffelman KD, Lewis GF, Adeli K. (2002) Fasting and Postprandial Overproduction of Intestinally-derived Lipoproteins in an Animal Model of Insulin Resistance: Evidence that Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance in the hamster is accompanied by enhanced intestinal de novo lipogenesis and apoB48-containing lipoprotein overproduction. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 31646-31655.


George Cahill, Jr. is Professor of Medicine Emeritus at Harvard University and has taught undergraduate biology at Dartmouth College after his retirement. He has held positions in medical research as Director of the Joslin Research labs at Harvard and subsequentlyDirector of Research and VP of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He has won numerous awards in diabetes, nutrition, physiology and held executive positions in several of our national societies and governmental and industrial institutions.

Abstract
Owen, O.E., Morgen, A. P., Kemp, H.G., Sullivan, J. M., Herrera, M.G. and G.F. Cahill, Jr. (1967) Brain Metablism during Fasting. J. Cin. Invest. 4, 1589-1595.



G.F. Cahill, Jr. (1970) Starvation in Man. New England J. Medicine 282 668-675.



Eric S. Freedland, MD is a longtime proponent of the role of lifestyles intervention in prevention and treatment of chronic disease, Dr. Freedland is a founder and associate editor of the peer-reviewed journal, Metabolic Syndrome and Related disorders, a member of the inaugural board of the Nutrition and Metabolism Society, and a founding member of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine. His current interests include the role of nutrition, inflammation, and visceral adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome. In addition to his writing and lecturing, Dr. Freedland is a consultant for the nutrition and food, and biotech industry.
Abstract



Barzilay, Joshua I. and Freedland, Eric. S. (2003) Inflammation and Its Relationship to Insulin Resistance, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Endothelial Dysfunction Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 1, 55-67



Richard D. Feinman is a Professor of Biochemistry with a long career in protein chemistry. His current interest in low carbohydrate diets is on the effect of diet composition on energy metabolism and incorporating nutrition into medical education and, in general, the teaching of thermodynamics in biochemistry.
Abstract



Feinman, R. D. and Fine, E. J. (2003) Thermodynamics and Metabolic Advantage of Weight Loss Diets. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. 1, 209-219.



Feinman R. D., Makowske M. (2003) Metabolic Syndrome and Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diets in the Medical School Biochemistry Curriculuum. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 1, 189-198.


Mary C. Gannon, Ph.D. is Professor of Food Science and Nutrition, and Associate Professor of Medicine at the University of Minnesota and Director of the Metabolic Research Laboratory at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center. Her major research interests have been in glycogen metabolism, and understanding the mechanisms by which ingested macronutrients affect carbohydrate metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes.
Abstract



Nuttall, F.Q., Gannon, M.C., Saeed, A., Jordan, K., Hoover, H. (2003) The metabolic response of subjects with type 2 diabetes to a high-protein, weight-maintenance diet. J Clin Endo Metab. 88, 3577-3583.



Gannon, M.C., Nuttall, F.Q., Saeed, A., Jordan, K., Hoover, H.: An increase in dietary protein improves the 24-hour blood glucose response in people with type 2 diabetes. (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 734-741.


Penelope J. Greene, Ph.D., a statistician, is a Visiting Scholar at the Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, and has been at Harvard University since 1978. Her research interests include the effect of methodology on research outcomes; research ethics; placebo effects; and philosophy of science. She has recently completed a pilot feeding study comparing hypocaloric ketogenic and low-fat diets on weight-loss and other health-promoting outcomes; additional nutrition research interests include diabetes prevention and treatment.

Abstract

Richard W. Hanson is the Leonard and Jean Skeggs Professor of Biochemistry at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland Ohio. His research has focused on two major aspects: The hormonal control of the transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the key enzyme in hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, and the biological role of the pathway of glyceroneogenesis, which he and his colleagues first described in 1968, in the control of triglyceride/fatty acid cycle that occurs in the liver and adipose tissue of all mammals. He greatly enjoys teaching biochemistry to medical, dental and undergraduate students at his university.

Abstract



Kalhan, S, Burkett, E, Reshef, L and Hanson, RW (2001) Glyceroneogenesis and and the Source of Glycerol for Hepatic Triacylglycerol Synthesis in Humans J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12928–12931.



Owen OE, Kalhan SC, Hanson RW (2002) The key role of anaplerosis and cataplerosis for citric acid cycle function. J Biol Chem, 277, 30409-30412.


Reshef L, Olswang Y, Cassuto H, Blum B, Croniger CM, Kalhan SC, Tilghman SM, Hanson RW (2003) Glyceroneogenesis and the triglyceride/fatty acid cycle. J Biol Chem, 278, 30413-30416.


Robert A. Harris is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. His research is centered on control mechanisms for the mitochondrial multicomponent enzyme complexes that catalyze the oxidation of branched-chain keto acids (link 1) and pyruvate (link 2). He is particularly interested in mechanisms that conserve body protein in different nutritional and pathological states. He is co-author of a book entitled Metabolic Regulation in Mammals, D.M. Gibson and R.A. Harris, Taylor and Francis, Great Britain, 2002.
Abstract



Harris, R.A., Joshi, M., and Jeoung, N-H. Mechanisms responsible for regulation of BCAA catabolism. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Communs. 313, 391-396 (2004).



Harris, R.A., Bowker-Kinley, M.M., Huang, B., and Wu, P. Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Adv. Enzyme Reg. 42, 249-259 (200


Leonard S. (Jim) Jefferson is Evan Pugh Professor and Chair of the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology at The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine. He has extensive experience in research related to protein metabolism, particularly the role of macronutrients and hormones in the regulation of gene expression through translational control mechanisms.
Abstract


Dr. Donald Layman is Professor of Nutrition in the Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.  Dr. Layman is recognized internationally for his research on amino acid metabolism, protein requirements, exercise and muscle development.  Dr. Layman has over 100 publications and his research has been recognized by the American Society for Nutritional Sciences with the BioServ Research Award in 1986 and by the National Institutes of Health with the Shannon Award in 1992. Dr. Layman served as Associate Editor of the Journal of Nutrition from 1989 through 1993. 

Abstract



Layman DK, Shiue H, Sather C, Erickson DJ, Baum J: Increased dietary protein modifies glucose and insulin homeostasis in adult women during weight loss. J Nutr 2003, 133(2):405-410.
Layman DK, Baum JI: Dietary protein impact on glycemic control during weight loss. J Nutr 2004, 134(4):968S-973S.


Frank Q. Nuttall, M.D., Ph.D., is Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Minnesota and Chief of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center. His major interests have been in regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis and degradation, fuel metabolism and dietary management of diabetes mellitus.
Abstract



Nuttall, F.Q., Gannon, M.C., Saeed, A., Jordan, K., Hoover, H. (2003) The metabolic response of subjects with type 2 diabetes to a high-protein, weight-maintenance diet. J Clin Endo Metab. 88, 3577-3583.



Gannon, M.C., Nuttall, F.Q., Saeed, A., Jordan, K., Hoover, H.: An increase in dietary protein improves the 24-hour blood glucose response in people with type 2 diabetes. (2003) Am J Clin Nutr, 78, 734-741.


Sandra J. Peters is an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences at Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario.  She has used short-term low carbohydrate diets as a perturbation to study the changes in regulation of human skeletal muscle metabolism.  Recently, her work has focussed on the adaptive decrease in carbohydrate oxidation through changes in gene expression and maximal activity of key regulatory enzymes.
Abstract




Thomas N. Seyfried is Professor of Biology at Boston College. His research involves gene-environmental interactions related to complex diseases such as epilepsy, brain cancer, and glycosphingolipid storage disorders..
Abstract



Seyfried TN, Sanderson TM, El-Abbadi MM, McGowan R, Mukherjee P: Role of glucose and ketone bodies in the metabolic control of experimental brain cancer. Br J Cancer 2003, 89:1375-1382.



Greene AE, Todorova MT, Seyfried TN: Perspectives on the metabolic management of epilepsy through dietary reduction of glucose and elevation of ketone bodies. J Neurochem 2003, 86:529-537.


Jeff S. Volek, PhD is a researcher who has been actively studying very low-carbohydrate diets since 1998. He has broad interests in very low-carbohydrate diets including the effects on fasting and postprandial lipoproteins, weight loss, body composition and hormonal responses, and exercise performance. He is currently studying the effects of very low-carbohydrate diets on postprandial metabolism and novel markers of inflammation and endothelial function.
Abstracts



Volek JS, Sharman MJ, Gomez AL, Scheett TP, Kraemer WJ. (2003) An Isoenergetic Very Low-Carbohydrate Diet Is Associated With Improved Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C), Total Cholesterol to HDL-C Ratio, Triacylglycerols, and Postprandial Lipemic Responses Compared to a Low-Fat Diet in Normal Weight, Normolipidemic Women. J. Nutr. 133, 2756-2761.



Volek, JS, Westman, EC(2002) Very-low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets revisited. Cleveland Clinic J. Med 69, 849-862.


Klaas R Westerterp is a Professor of Human Energetics. His field of research is energy metabolism and body composition, with special emphasis on physical activity, eating behavior and energy balance. Observations are performed in the laboratory and in daily living conditions using accelerometers for measuring physical activity and labeled water for measuring body composition and energy expenditure.
Abstract



Westerterp, Klaas R. and Kester, Arnold D.M. (2003) Physical activity in confined conditions as an indicator of free-living physical activity. Obes Res. 11, 865– 868.



Westerterp, Klaas R. (2001) Pattern and Intensity of physical activity Nature 410, 538-539.


Eric C. Westman is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Duke University Medical Center, Research Director at the Duke Diet and Fitness Center and Director of the Smoking Research Laboratory. After several of his patients demonstrated the effects of Atkins Diet, Dr. Westman approached Robert C. Atkins for funding of independent scientific studies of the Atkins diet.
Abstract



Westman EC, Yancy WS, Edman JS, Tomlin KF, Perkins CE. (2002) Effect of 6-month adherence to a very low carbohydrate diet program. Am J Med 113 30-6.



Westman, EC, Mavropoulos, J, Yancy, WS, Jr.,Volek, JS (2003) A Review of Low-carbohydrate Ketogenic Diets Current Atherosclerosis Reports 5, 476?483


William S. Yancy, Jr., MD, MHS is a general internist who has focused his research on obesity. His current interest in low carbohydrate diets is in their effect on weight loss and cardiovascular risk. He is also interested in their safety and tolerability, especially in the medical outpatient population.
Abstract



Yancy WS, Jr., Westman EC, French PA, Califf RM: Diets and clinical coronary events: the truth is out there. Circulation 2003, 107:10-16.



Yancy WS, Jr., Olsen MK, Westman EC, Bosworth HB, Edelman D: Relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life in men. Obes Res 2002, 10:1057-1064.